Health Insurance in Germany for Foreigners: Public vs Private Guide

Everyone living in Germany needs valid health insurance in Germany, but the right option depends on your status: employee, student, self-employed person, freelancer, spouse, child, civil servant, job seeker or visitor. The main choice is usually between statutory health insurance (gesetzliche Krankenversicherung, GKV) and private health insurance (private Krankenversicherung, PKV).

2026 update: do not choose health insurance only from a cheap monthly price or an affiliate recommendation. Check eligibility, long-term cost, family coverage, pre-existing conditions, switching rules, visa/residence needs and whether doctors can bill the insurance easily.

Health insurance in Germany: quick decision guide for foreigners

• Employees: many employees are insured through statutory health insurance unless their income/status allows private insurance.
• Students: students need valid insurance before enrolment; options depend on age, previous insurance and study status.
• Self-employed/freelancers: compare statutory voluntary insurance and private insurance carefully because long-term costs can differ a lot.
• Families: statutory insurance may allow non-working spouses and children to be co-insured under conditions; private insurance usually prices people individually.
• Private insurance: can be useful for some people, but switching back to statutory insurance later can be difficult.
• Visitors/job seekers: travel or incoming insurance may be temporary; check when you need full German health insurance.

Useful official references: gesund.bund.de health insurance overview, Federal Ministry of Health contribution guidance, and switching health insurance provider guidance.

1.0 German health insurance system

The German health insurance system is divided into two main categories: statutory health insurance (public) and private health insurance. Both can provide strong coverage, but eligibility, billing, family coverage, long-term cost and switching rules differ.

1.1 Difference between public and private health insurance

The main difference between public and private health insurance is the way in which premiums are calculated. In the public system, premiums are determined based on a percentage of income, while private insurance premiums are based on individual risk factors, such as age, health status, and pre-existing conditions. Additionally, private health insurance offers more flexibility in terms of accessing medical services and may provide access to private hospitals.

1.2 Public (statutory) health insurance in Germany

Public health insurance is statutory health insurance, with coverage provided by health insurance funds. Many employees, students, pensioners and family-insured people are covered through the statutory system, but eligibility depends on your situation. For employees, contributions are generally income-based and shared between employee and employer.

1.3 What insurance provider options are available in Germany?

There are several health insurance providers in Germany, with the majority being statutory health insurance providers. However, there are also many private health insurance companies that offer coverage. When deciding on a provider, it’s important to choose one that meets your specific needs and provides comprehensive coverage at an affordable price.

1.4 How to buy health insurance in Germany?

You can place your order after a thorough comparison from Feather’s website or the individual website of the insurance provider. Feather prides itself on offering simple, honest insurance policies. Boasting reviews of 4.8+/5 on Trustpilot and Google, our clients love how easy it is to sign up and make claims, plus the incredible support they get from our English-speaking team.

Feather is your first insurance companion and their goal is to guide you through the complex world of insurance while taking care of the hard parts for you — because, let’s face it, no one wants to deal with insurance documents alone.

They provide Reliable support, Transparent advice and Everything under one account. Whether you need help adding a family member to your plan, or want information about other plans, or want to know more about health insurance in Germany — our customer support team is available to chat over a call or through email.

2.0 Things to consider before choosing Health Insurance

When moving to Germany, expats are required to obtain health insurance coverage. There are pros and cons to both the public and private insurance options in Germany, and it’s important to weigh them carefully when deciding which one to choose.

2.1 Pros and Cons of public health insurance in Germany

One of the main advantages of public health insurance is that it’s affordable and accessible to everyone, regardless of income or medical history. Patients have access to a broad range of medical services and can receive treatment at some of the top hospitals and clinics in the country. However, there may be longer wait times for certain types of treatment, and patients may not have the same level of flexibility and choice that they would have with private insurance.

2.2 Pros and Cons of private health insurance in Germany

Private health insurance in Germany can offer more flexibility and faster access to some services. However, premiums are based on factors such as age, health and tariff, family members are usually priced separately, and switching back to statutory insurance can be difficult. Compare the long-term cost, not only the first-year premium.

2.3 Are there any insurance providers that cater specifically to foreigner living in Germany?

Yes, there are insurance providers in Germany that cater specifically to the needs of foreigner. These companies may offer additional benefits and services, such as assistance with paperwork and translation services. When choosing a provider, be sure to do your research and compare quotes and services to find the best fit for your needs.

3.0 Health insurance providers in Germany

3.1 Best Public Health Insurance Plans in Germany

Public health insurance or gesetzliche Krankenversicherung is state insurance provided by more than 100 individual not-for-profit Krankenkassen or public health funds. The best among all includes TK, AOK, DAK, and Barmer. They operated by contributions from its members and the German government. 

Here, I have an overview of how some public insurance options differ from each other. I have partnered with Feather, but you should still compare official coverage, additional contribution, service language, family coverage and switching rules before choosing.

Each public insurance provider offers comprehensive coverage to all of their members. This includes an extensive range of preventative services, acute care, and full/ partial reimbursement for medications.

3.1.1 Dental Insurance in Germany

When it comes to dental treatments, public insurance generally covers the bare minimum—while patients are entitled to dental check-ups, they generally need to pay out of pocket for things like cleanings, high-quality fillings, and tooth replacement. With supplementary dental insurance, you’ll have access to the best treatments at any time.

To put it simply anyone with dental problems (and particularly tooth replacement treatments like crowns and bridges) can put a big hole in your wallet. Having a good dental insurance plan can help you avoid unexpected costs and maintain a regular preventive care routine. 

3.2 Best Private Health Insurance Plans in Germany

There are several private health insurance plans in Germany that offer comprehensive coverage and excellent service. When choosing a private health insurance plan, be sure to read reviews, compare services and coverage, and consider your budget and health needs.

42 companies provide private health insurance in Germany. They all provide comprehensive health insurance to their members and are regulated by the government, so there is no need to worry about their legitimacy.

There are two basic categories of private health insurance: 

• Joint-stock companies (Aktiengesellschaft — AG)
  • This is a type of company that is owned solely by its shareholders. Any profits made by the company are distributed to the shareholders. Policyholders do not receive a share of the company’s profits. 
• Mutual insurance company (Versicherungsverein auf Gegenseitigkeit, VVaG)
  • This type of company is owned by its members, and any profits made at the end of a financial period are redistributed among the members. The purpose of this type of insurance company is to serve the interest of the policyholders. 

While many are interested in getting private insurance in Germany, not everyone can be on a private health insurance plan. Eligibility depends on a few factors, including income and what type of work you do. 

4.0 How Does Health Insurance Work in Germany?

4.1 Insurance card and how is it used

When you receive health insurance coverage in Germany, you will be issued an insurance card that you should carry with you at all times. This card serves as proof of insurance coverage and contains important information about your policy, such as your insurance provider and policy number. It is typically presented at medical appointments and when purchasing medications.

4.2 What is the European Health Insurance Card and how does it apply to non-German residents?

The European Health Insurance Card (EHIC) is a card that allows those covered by a national health insurance scheme in the European Union to receive medical treatment in other member states. Non-German residents who hold an EHIC can obtain medical treatment in Germany under the same conditions as those who are insured through the German system. However, it’s important to note that the EHIC is not a substitute for private travel insurance, which may cover additional costs or services not covered by the EHIC.

4.3 Do I need to purchase travel insurance when visiting Germany?

While it’s not required, it’s always a good idea to purchase travel insurance when visiting Germany. Travel insurance can provide a safety net in case of unexpected accidents, illnesses, or other incidents that may require medical attention. It can also provide coverage for lost or stolen luggage, flight cancellations, and other travel-related issues.

5.0 Health Insurance for Students and Employees in Germany

5.1 Health insurance for students when studying in Germany

Students studying in Germany are required to have health insurance coverage. Most students will be eligible for statutory health insurance, either through a public insurance provider or a student-specific insurance plan. However, students who are over a certain age or who have pre-existing conditions may need to obtain private insurance.

5.2 As an employee in Germany, what is the process for getting health insurance coverage?

Employees in Germany are required to have health insurance coverage, with premiums shared between the employee and the employer. Most employees will be eligible for statutory health insurance, but some may opt for private insurance if it better fits their needs and circumstances.

5.3 Are there any differences in coverage or cost between public and private insurance for students and employees in Germany?

Yes, there may be differences in coverage and cost between public and private insurance for students and employees in Germany. Private insurance may offer more comprehensive coverage and faster access to services but may also be more expensive. Students and employees should carefully consider their options and choose the plan that best meets their needs and budget.

5.4 How do I choose between public and private insurance in Germany?

Choosing between public and private insurance in Germany depends on your individual circumstances and preferences. Public insurance is generally more affordable and accessible to all, while private insurance may offer more flexibility and faster access to services. Consider your budget, health needs, and other factors when making your decision.

7.0 German Health Insurance FAQs

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